755nm · Melanin Absorption · CityLink Mall

Alexandrite Laser Singapore —
755nm, And Its Consequences

The alexandrite's 755nm wavelength is absorbed by melanin more strongly than any other laser in routine aesthetic use. That is precisely why it works so well, and precisely why it demands more care in darker skin — the laser cannot distinguish pigment in a hair follicle from pigment in the epidermis above it.

The Mechanism

Wavelength, Chromophore, Pulse

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Every laser in aesthetic medicine is defined by three numbers, and the alexandrite is no exception: what wavelength it emits, what absorbs that wavelength, and how long each pulse lasts. The alexandrite emits at 755nm, at the far red end of the visible spectrum. Its target chromophore is melanin. Its pulse durations sit in the millisecond range. Those three facts predict everything the device does well and everything it does badly.

Selective photothermolysis is the governing principle. If a wavelength is absorbed far more strongly by the intended target than by surrounding tissue, and if the pulse is delivered over a period shorter than the time that target takes to shed its heat — its thermal relaxation time — then the target is destroyed while its neighbours are spared. For hair, the target is melanin within the hair shaft and matrix, and the heat must conduct outward far enough to damage the follicular stem cell region. Millisecond pulses are matched to that requirement.

Melanin absorption falls as wavelength increases. At 755nm it is high; at 1064nm, the Nd:YAG wavelength, it is substantially lower. This is the whole trade-off. High absorption means efficient energy transfer into pigmented targets — which is why the alexandrite is so effective against fine and light-brown hair that longer wavelengths struggle to heat, and why it clears superficial epidermal pigment briskly. The 755nm beam also penetrates less deeply than 1064nm, keeping its effect nearer the surface.

The difficulty is that melanin in the epidermis is the same chromophore as melanin in the follicle. The laser has no way to prefer one over the other. In lightly pigmented skin the contrast between a dark hair and a pale epidermis is large, and the treatment is straightforward. As constitutive pigmentation increases, that contrast narrows, the epidermis absorbs a greater share of the delivered energy, and the margin between an effective treatment and an epidermal burn becomes correspondingly thin.

Parameter One
Wavelength — 755nm
High melanin absorption with moderate depth of penetration. Excellent for fine, light and shallow-seated hair and for epidermal pigment; progressively less suitable as background skin pigmentation rises.
Parameter Two
Chromophore — Melanin
The laser targets pigment, not hair as such. White, grey and genuinely blond hair contain too little melanin to heat and do not respond, regardless of the device or the number of sessions.
Parameter Three
Pulse Duration
Millisecond pulses produce a photothermal effect, heating the target and conducting damage outward to the follicular stem cells. Longer pulses spread heat more gently, which is safer in darker skin but less efficient on fine hair.
Parameter Four
Epidermal Cooling
Contact or cryogen cooling removes heat from the epidermis while the target beneath retains it. It is not an accessory — in Fitzpatrick IV and V it is the difference between a safe treatment and a burn.

What Changes

Skin Type Governs Everything

The alexandrite is an excellent device used in the right skin and a risky one used carelessly in the wrong skin. Singapore's patient population spans the full Fitzpatrick range, frequently within one family, so the question is never whether the alexandrite is a good laser — it is whether it is the right laser for this particular patient, this site and this season.

A laser that sees melanin cannot tell whose melanin it is. In Asian skin that single fact governs every setting.

Dr. Sin Yong · Medical Director, Atelier Aesthetics

Specifications

Wavelength
755nm — alexandrite, high melanin absorption, moderate penetration
Chromophore
Melanin in the hair shaft and matrix, or in epidermal pigment clusters
Pulse Duration
Millisecond domain — photothermal, matched to target thermal relaxation time
Review
Response assessed across a course; settings adjusted by skin type, site and prior reaction
Fitzpatrick II–III
High Contrast
A pale epidermis and dark target give a wide therapeutic window. The alexandrite performs at its best here, clearing fine hair and superficial pigment efficiently at fluences that the epidermis tolerates comfortably.
Fitzpatrick IV–V
Narrow Window
Competing epidermal melanin absorbs a substantial share of the energy. Fluence is reduced, pulse duration lengthened, cooling made rigorous, and test spots used. In many of these patients a 1064nm Nd:YAG is simply the better instrument, and that is said plainly.
Recently Tanned
A Contraindication
Sun exposure raises epidermal melanin and turns a previously safe setting into an unsafe one. Treatment is deferred after significant exposure, which in Singapore's climate is a practical scheduling matter rather than a theoretical caution.

The Decision

Choosing The Right Instrument

Atelier Aesthetics uses the Lutronic Clarity II for laser hair removal, a platform that delivers both 755nm alexandrite and 1064nm Nd:YAG. The reason a dual-wavelength device matters is not versatility for its own sake — it is that the correct wavelength is a per-patient and often per-site decision. Fine hair on a fair forearm and coarse hair in a deeply pigmented axilla are not the same problem, and being able to select the wavelength rather than defend the one the clinic happens to own is a clinical advantage.

For pigment, the alexandrite's role is narrower than its reputation suggests. It clears discrete, well-defined epidermal lesions — solar lentigines and similar superficial pigment — efficiently, because that pigment sits where 755nm energy is concentrated. It is a poor choice for melasma, where aggressive melanin-targeted heating reliably provokes rebound and worsening; that condition belongs to low-fluence laser toning and a considered medical plan. Deeper dermal pigment is better addressed by picosecond devices that shatter rather than cook it.

The honest summary is that 755nm is a specific tool with a specific window, not a general-purpose laser. In this practice it is chosen when the target is shallow and melanin-rich and the epidermis can tolerate the energy required to reach it. Where those conditions are not met, a different wavelength or a different pulse regime is used instead — and the reasoning is explained at consultation rather than reduced to a brand name.

Picosecond alternatives

FAQ

Alexandrite Laser — Common Questions

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It can be, with the right patient and the right settings, but it demands more caution than in lighter skin and it is not always the correct choice. Because 755nm is strongly absorbed by melanin, a more pigmented epidermis competes with the intended target for energy, narrowing the margin between an effective treatment and a burn or subsequent hyperpigmentation. In Fitzpatrick IV and V the safer and frequently more effective instrument is a 1064nm Nd:YAG, whose lower melanin absorption passes through the epidermis with less interference.
Because fine, lightly pigmented hair contains relatively little melanin, and a wavelength with high melanin absorption extracts more heat from that small amount of chromophore. The 1064nm Nd:YAG is absorbed by melanin far less efficiently, so it needs a substantial pigment target to work well — excellent for coarse dark hair, unreliable for fine hair. The trade-off runs in both directions, which is why wavelength is selected per patient rather than per clinic.
It should generally not be used for it. Melasma is a chronically unstable pigmentary condition in which melanocytes respond to heat and inflammation by producing more pigment, and a high-absorption millisecond laser delivers exactly the stimulus that provokes rebound. Improvement followed by a worse relapse is the classic sequence. Low-fluence toning with a 1064nm Q-switched laser exists precisely because melasma needs a gentle, sub-threshold approach rather than an efficient one.
No, and no laser will. The device targets melanin, so a hair with no pigment presents no chromophore to absorb the energy, and nothing is heated. This is a limit of the physics rather than of the machine or the operator, and any clinic suggesting otherwise is misdescribing how the treatment works. Light blond and some red hairs are similarly unresponsive or poorly responsive for the same reason.
Because ultraviolet exposure increases epidermal melanin, and epidermal melanin is the competing absorber. A setting that was appropriate for your skin six weeks ago becomes too aggressive for the same skin after a beach weekend, and the consequence is blistering or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In Singapore this is a practical matter rather than a formality — treatment is deferred after significant exposure, and photoprotection between sessions is part of the plan, not advice tacked on at the end.
A course, because only follicles in the active growth phase contain enough melanin in the matrix to be destroyed, and at any moment only a proportion of follicles at a given site are in that phase. Sessions are therefore spaced to catch successive cohorts as they cycle into growth, with the interval set by the site — facial hair cycles faster than leg hair. The realistic description is long-term reduction in density and calibre rather than permanent removal of every follicle, and maintenance sessions are usual.

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Atelier Aesthetics · Owned by AYA

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then treated.

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